[THS] WWF: Climate Change Hitting Arctic Faster, Harder

[Peter Webster]

http://www.truthout.org/issues_06/043008EC.shtml

Climate Change Hitting Arctic Faster, Harder
    Environmental News Network

    Wednesday 30 April 2008

    Climate change is having a greater and faster impact on the Arctic than
previously thought, according to a new study by the global conservation
organization WWF.

    The new report, called Arctic Climate Impact Science - An Update Since
ACIA, represents the most wide-ranging reviews of arctic climate impact
science since the Arctic Climate Impact Assessment (ACIA) was published in
2005.

    The new study found that change was occurring in all arctic systems,
impacting on the atmosphere and oceans, sea ice and ice sheets, snow and
permafrost, as well as species and populations, food webs, ecosystems and
human societies.

    Melting of arctic sea ice and the Greenland Ice Sheet was found to be
severely accelerated, now even prompting the expert scientists to discuss
whether both may be close to their "tipping point" (the point where,
because of climate change, natural systems may experience sudden, rapid
and possibly irreversible change).

    "The magnitude of the physical and ecological changes in the Arctic
creates an unprecedented challenge for governments, the corporate sector,
community leaders and conservationists to create the conditions under
which arctic natural systems have the best chance to adapt," said Dr Martin
Sommerkorn, one of the report's authors and Senior Climate Change
Adviser at WWF International's Arctic Programme.

    "The debate can no longer focus only on creating protected areas and
allowing arctic ecosystems to find their balance."

    "At the same time, we need to simultaneously reduce the vulnerability of
social and environmental systems of the Arctic by reducing threats from
human activity and building ecosystem resilience - the ability of ecosystems
to remain stable when under a lot of pressure."

    According to last year's reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on
Climate Change, if the entire Greenland Ice Sheet were to melt, sea levels
would rise 7.3 metres, making its status a global concern. While it is
currently impossible to accurately predict how much of the ice sheet will be
melting, and over which time, the new report shows there has been a far
greater loss of ice mass in the past few years, much more than had been
predicted by scientific models.

    Likewise, the loss of summer arctic sea ice has increased dramatically,
with record lows reached in 2005 and - way more dramatic - in 2007. In
September 2007, the sea ice shrank to 39 per cent below its 1979-2000
mean, the lowest since satellite monitoring began in 1979 and also the
lowest for the entire 20th century based on monitoring from ships and
aircraft.

    "When you look in detail at the science behind the recent arctic changes
it becomes painfully clear how our understanding of climate impacts lags
behind the changes that we are already seeing in the Arctic," said
Sommerkorn. "This is extremely dangerous, as some of these arctic
changes have the potential to substantially warm the Earth beyond what
models currently forecast. That is because climate models don't currently
adequately incorporate important underlying drivers of the arctic changes
we are already observing, such as the interaction between sea ice thickness
and water temperature."

    The Arctic is not only one of the places on Earth most vulnerable to
climate change, but also a place where vulnerability is of urgent global
relevance. WWF calls for a two-pronged strategy to minimize the impacts of
climate change.

    "We need to reduce global emissions of greenhouse gases to levels that
will avoid the continued warming of the Arctic and the anticipated resulting
disruption of the global climate system," said Sommerkorn.

  -------